案情概要：某(mou)(mou)(mou)快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)登記經(jing)(jing)營(ying)范圍為(wei)國內快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、普(pu)通貨物(wu)道(dao)?路運輸。2013 年(nian) 3 月 1 日，快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)與案外人(ren)韓(han)某(mou)(mou)(mou)簽訂《承包協(xie)議(yi)》，?約定由(you)韓(han)某(mou)(mou)(mou)承擔公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)在太倉市某(mou)(mou)(mou)鎮的(de)速遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)市場網絡運營(ying)。2019 年(nian) 5 月，韓(han)某(mou)(mou)(mou)招用徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)從事其網點區(qu)域內的(de)快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)收集、投遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等工(gong)作，并根?據徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)派件數量(liang)結算薪酬。快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)投保了雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)險。2019?年(nian)?10 月 17 日，徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)在工(gong)作時發(fa)生交(jiao)通事故。經(jing)(jing)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)仲裁(cai)，徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)訴(su)至?一審(shen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)，要(yao)求確(que)認(ren)(ren)與快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)間(jian)存在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系。法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)理后(hou)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，?韓(han)某(mou)(mou)(mou)未經(jing)(jing)許可(ke)，不具備快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)業(ye)務經(jing)(jing)營(ying)資質，快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)行為(wei)屬(shu)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)分包。?快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)與徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)之(zhi)間(jian)是否構成勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系，應當根據雙方(fang)權利義務實(shi)(shi)際(ji)?履行情(qing)況據實(shi)(shi)認(ren)(ren)定。快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)以雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)身(shen)份為(wei)徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)購(gou)買(mai)雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)保險， 徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)工(gong)號亦(yi)由(you)韓(han)某(mou)(mou)(mou)上(shang)(shang)報快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)，并由(you)快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)提交(jiao)總部(bu)逐級審(shen)核后(hou)?發(fa)放。徐(xu)(xu)(xu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)符合(he)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)適格(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)體要(yao)求，實(shi)(shi)際(ji)接受快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)管(guan)理并提供?快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)業(ye)務范圍內的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，符合(he)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)特征。快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)?司(si)(si)(si)(si)通過違法(fa)(fa)(fa)分包方(fang)式實(shi)(shi)現經(jing)(jing)營(ying)業(ye)務延伸，規避勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)用工(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)，其?抗辯雙方(fang)之(zhi)間(jian)不存在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的(de)，不能成立(li)，遂判(pan)決確(que)認(ren)(ren)雙方(fang)之(zhi)間(jian)存?在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系。快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)不服判(pan)決，提起上(shang)(shang)訴(su)。二審(shen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)理后(hou)作出終(zhong)?審(shen)判(pan)決：駁(bo)回上(shang)(shang)訴(su)，維持原判(pan)。

爭議焦點：快(kuai)遞(di)公司與徐某之(zhi)間是否存在勞動關系？

裁判要旨：新(xin)就(jiu)業形態勞(lao)動(dong)關系，應當(dang)根據當(dang)事人雙方(fang)(fang)權利義(yi)務?實(shi)際履行情(qing)況，綜合考(kao)察主(zhu)體(ti)適格(ge)性(xing)(xing)、勞(lao)務從屬性(xing)(xing)、管(guan)理實(shi)質性(xing)(xing)等要(yao)?素判斷(duan)雙方(fang)(fang)之間(jian)是否具備勞(lao)動(dong)關系的法(fa)律(lv)特征。用人單位通過違(wei)法(fa)分?包方(fang)(fang)式實(shi)現(xian)經營業務延伸(shen)，規(gui)避勞(lao)動(dong)用工主(zhu)體(ti)責任并抗辯雙方(fang)(fang)之間(jian)不?存(cun)在勞(lao)動(dong)關系的，不應支持(chi)。

總結：事實(shi)(shi)優先(xian)原則是判斷勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系成(cheng)(cheng)立與(yu)(yu)(yu)否的(de)(de)重要原則。在新?業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態用(yong)工領域(yu)，平臺要素企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為降低用(yong)工成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，規避用(yong)工責任(ren)，常(chang)常(chang)?以合法(fa)形式(shi)掩蓋非法(fa)目的(de)(de)，因此避免以“意(yi)思自治”外觀主義標(biao)準(zhun)審?查(cha)，堅持實(shi)(shi)質(zhi)性判斷，綜合考(kao)查(cha)法(fa)律(lv)關系構成(cheng)(cheng)要件與(yu)(yu)(yu)基本(ben)特(te)征，才能?作出正確辨識。根據《中華人民(min)共(gong)和國郵政法(fa)》《快(kuai)遞(di)市場管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》?有(you)(you)關規定(ding)，經(jing)營(ying)(ying)快(kuai)遞(di)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)，應當(dang)依法(fa)向(xiang)郵政管理(li)(li)部(bu)門提出申請，取?得快(kuai)遞(di)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務經(jing)營(ying)(ying)許可(ke)；未經(jing)許可(ke)，任(ren)何單位和個人不得經(jing)營(ying)(ying)快(kuai)遞(di)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務。?本(ben)案(an)(an)快(kuai)遞(di)公司(si)一方(fang)面(mian)未經(jing)許可(ke)將經(jing)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務分包給不具(ju)有(you)(you)用(yong)工資質(zhi)的(de)(de)?案(an)(an)外人韓某(mou)，另一方(fang)面(mian)也(ye)(ye)通(tong)過案(an)(an)外人韓某(mou)“隔(ge)層(ceng)”監管徐某(mou)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)，實(shi)(shi)?現(xian)自身經(jing)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務延伸(shen)。兩級法(fa)院依規作出對雙方(fang)之間(jian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系的(de)(de)認?定(ding)，既有(you)(you)力(li)保(bao)障了“快(kuai)遞(di)小哥”勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)權益，也(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)質(zhi)助(zhu)推(tui)了快(kuai)遞(di)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規范治理(li)(li)。(作者：廣州律(lv)協電子商務與(yu)(yu)(yu)物流業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)委員會）